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Book Review: Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan

 Book Review: Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan

Bon Ami Laishram

This nonfiction work, authored by Herbert P. Bix and published in 2000, delves into the life of Emperor Hirohito during the Second World War. Bix explores the controversial roles of the emperor in triggering the war and his involvement in war crimes, presenting Hirohito as a central figure in plotting the conflict.

Japan's emergence as a military superpower in the late 19th century, following the Meiji Restoration under Emperor Meiji, set the stage for Hirohito's reign. The rapid modernization propelled Japan into a prominent position in the East, marked by naval prowess and expansionist ambitions. The nation's efficient blend of traditional warfare skills and modern weaponry, demonstrated in conflicts like the First and Second Sino-Japanese Wars, showcased Japan's military might.

The Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, where Japan triumphed over the formidable European power Russia, further solidified Japan's status as a naval power. However, these victories fueled imperial ambitions that ultimately led to Japan's involvement in the Second World War.

After Japan's unconditional surrender to the Allied Powers, Emperor Hirohito became a focal point for the occupying American forces, particularly General Douglas MacArthur. Despite ordering investigations into war crimes, Hirohito's divine status and the fear of potential unrest prevented his trial as a war criminal. The constitutional amendments imposed the constitutional amendments imposed by the occupying forces stripped Hirohito of his divine status, leaving him as a symbolic figurehead with no executive power.

The rebuilding of Japan under Hirohito's watch saw the nation become a close ally of the United States. The transition from a military-focused economy to a business-oriented one, marked by companies like Mitsubishi, Sony, Nissan, Honda, and Yamaha, contributed to Japan's post-war economic success.

Bix's extensive 700-page exploration of Hirohito's role in Japan's military actions and wars presents the emperor as a major protagonist. The author argues that Hirohito actively participated in Japan's aggressive expansion campaigns and portrays him as a figurehead influenced by aggressive militarists. The complex writing style makes it challenging to draw clear conclusions, and the limited sources on Hirohito's actions contribute to the complexity. Despite this, Bix's conclusion regarding Hirohito's significant role in Japan's militaristic past is convincing.



 


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